3 things that didn’t make the 10 Breakthrough Technologies of 2025 list

In the meantime, here are three technologies that we considered including on the 2025 list but ultimately decided to leave off. Though these nominees didn’t make the cut this year, they’re still worth keeping an eye on. We certainly will be. 

Virtual power plants 

Virtual power plants are energy systems that link together many different technologies to both generate and store power. They allow utility companies to connect solar panels and wind turbines with grid batteries and electric vehicles, and to better manage the flow of power across the grid. 

During times of peak electricity usage, software linked to smart meters may one day automatically decide to power someone’s home by drawing electricity from a fully charged EV sitting in a neighbor’s garage, thereby reducing demand on the grid. The software could also work out how to compensate the EV owner accordingly. 

In the US, an estimated 500 virtual power plants now provide up to 60 gigawatts of capacity (that’s about as much total capacity as the US grid will add this year). Some such systems are also up and running in China, Japan, Croatia, and Taiwan. But lots more virtual power plants would need to be configured before they start to affect the grid as a whole.

Useful AI agents

AI agents are all the rage right now. These AI-powered helpers will, supposedly, schedule our meetings and book our trips and carry out all kinds of tasks online on our behalf. Agents employ generative models to learn how to navigate websites and desktop software (and manage our passwords and credit card details). They will perhaps interact and coordinate with other people’s agents along the way. 

And there is real development power behind them—Salesforce just launched a platform where companies can make their own customer service agents, and Anthropic’s Claude model is gaining the ability to navigate a computer by using a mouse and keyboard, just like people. 

However, many challenges remain in getting these agents to know what you mean when you make specific requests, and enabling them to carry out the necessary actions reliably. Given the formidable hurdles, we think it may be a little while before they are good enough to be truly useful. AI agents may be coming, but not just yet.

eVTOLs

The acronym is a mouthful, but you can think of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft as being kind of like electric helicopters. Most versions in development are not designed to be personal vehicles; they’d be flown by pilots to transport commuters in from the suburbs, or whisk visitors downtown from the airport. Someday, these air taxis may fly themselves.